Spain
Citizens of the European Union are not required to get a visa for Spain.
Non-EU citizens visiting Spain need a visa in order to enter and visit Spain, unless you com from North & South America in addition to: Andorra, Australia, Brunei, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Gibraltar, Grenada, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Malaysia, Malta, Monaco, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, San Marino, Singapore, Slovakia and Switzerland.
Non-EU citizens coming to work, study or live in Spain are required to obtain a visa - note that this also includes non-EU spouses and dependents.
How to get a Visa
You apply for and obtain a visa through the Spanish consulate (see the list) nearest to your residence before you travel. Generally, you should apply for your visa about 8-12 weeks before the date of your arrival in Spain.